• In addition to these effects on metabolic function

  2021-12-13

  

  In addition to these effects on metabolic function in cardiac cells, this study also demonstrates changes in the expression of hypertrophic genes and proteins subsequent to GPR119 activation. Again this occurred in a distinct pattern dependent on palmitate exposure. Of interest SOCS3 mRNAs were decr

• SGLT inhibitors have been accepted

  2021-12-13

  

  SGLT-2 inhibitors have been accepted as a new class of antidiabetic agent (Kurosaki and Ogasawara, 2013). They limit renal glucose reabsorption and promote urinary excretion of glucose, thereby reducing plasma glucose levels (de Leeuw and de Boer, 2016, Jojima et al., 2016, Pérez López et al., 2010,

• The bioconversion of inositol from glucose was

  2021-12-13

  

  The bioconversion of inositol from glucose was anticipated nearly a century ago and later confirmed by isotope tracing methods [[22], [23]]. This biosynthesis of inositol involves three sequentially acting enzymes: Firstly, ATP-dependent glucokinase converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G-6P) [[2

• The widespread involvement of HH GLI in

  2021-12-13

  

  The widespread involvement of HH/GLI in human malignancies has initiated a remarkable effort to identify selective HPIs. As shown in Table 2.1, most of these small molecule inhibitors target the essential effector protein SMO, which should lead to pathway abrogation by eventually decreasing the GLIA

• In the gastrointestinal GI tract CART expression has been

  2021-12-13

  

  In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract CART expression has been described in the enteric nervous system in rats (Ekblad et al., 2003), pigs (Wierup et al., 2007), sheep (Arciszewski et al., 2009), guinea pigs (Ellis and Mawe, 2003) and humans (Kasacka et al., 2012). Less is known about CART expression i

• The GABA A receptors containing the subunit

  2021-12-13

  

  The GABA-A receptors containing the δ subunit are crucial for the mediation of non-synaptic inhibition in the dentate gyrus; thus, the decreased expression of the δ subunit may suggest a decrease in the inhibitory tone and an increase in the neuronal excitability. Moreover, the GABA-A receptors cont

• The schematic diagram of the antagonistic

  2021-12-13

  

  The schematic diagram of the antagonistic interactions of Zn2+ and neurosteroids (NSs) at GABA-A receptors is summarized in Fig. 7. Neurosteroids exhibit powerful seizure protective effects against experimental seizures probably through the potentiation of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA-A receptor-

• OCA has recently been approved for

  2021-12-13

  

  OCA has recently been approved for the treatment of patients with PBC and is under study for diseases such as NASH, PSC and biliary atresia [30], [49]. Up to now, the beneficial effects of OCA have been related to its anti-cholestatic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. We have here rep

• Caspase-4 Colorimetric Assay Kit receptor br Introduction Th

  2021-12-13

  

  Introduction The nature of chemotherapies is to relieve the tumor burden of the patients by eliminating cancer Caspase-4 Colorimetric Assay Kit receptor via inducing cell death, mostly regulated cell death represented by apoptosis [1,2]. Dozens of anticancer agents including clinically used ones

• A large body of literature have reported that various cellul

  2021-12-13

  

  A large body of literature have reported that various cellular pathways are dysregulated in NPC [19]. Among these pathways, Akt is frequently hyperactivated in NPC and regulates diverse cellular processes including tumor cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, survival and invasion, as well as angio

• Recently results obtained by our

  2021-12-13

  

  Recently, results obtained by our group have demonstrated that hEECs are able to secrete NPY into the extracellular medium and that this peptide can induce an increase in the [Ca]i of these cells (Jacques et al., 2003b). In light of these results and those obtained in this study, we can speculate th

• In recent years the Hippo signaling

  2021-12-10

  

  In recent years, the Hippo signaling pathway has emerged as an important regulator balancing cell proliferation and differentiation [[5], [6], [7]]. The pathway components, first described in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, are highly conserved across different phyla [6]. The signaling pathwa

• br Conclusion br Funding br Availability of data

  2021-12-10

  

  Conclusion Funding Availability of data and materials Authors' contributions Ethics approval and consent to participate Consent for publication Competing interests Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global public health problem. An estimated 71.1 million peop

• Finally LC ESI MS MS was

  2021-12-10

  

  Finally, LC-ESI-MS/MS was applied to explore the effects of increased fT4 levels 4 and 8 weeks after induced thyrotoxicosis and have revealed an upregulation of proteins involved in blood coagulation, thus providing a clear association [126]. Conclusions Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) ha

• br Experimental br Acknowledgment This work was supported

  2021-12-10

  

  Experimental Acknowledgment This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. Glyoxalase I (GLO1) is a zinc enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of a hemithioacetal, formed from glut

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