• So far only few studies report about GAL in the

  2022-04-19

  

  So far only few studies report about GAL in the visual system: GAL has been detected in the cornea of rat (Jones and Marfurt, 1998), mouse (Henken and Martin, 1992) and pig (Stone et al., 1988), and in the uvea of rat (Strömberg et al., 1987), pig (Stone et al., 1988) and cat (Grimes et al., 1994),

• Regarding IAV types of hemagglutinin and types of neuraminid

  2022-04-19

  

  Regarding IAV, 18 types of hemagglutinin and 11 types of neuraminidase were described and none of the commercialized antiviral drugs are susceptible to protect against all strains that will emerge from the animal reservoir (Webby and Webster, 2003). The strong dependencies of influenza viruses on we

• integrin inhibitors Aberrant activity of PRC as a result of

  2022-04-19

  

  Aberrant activity of PRC2 as a result of over expressed EZH2, has been frequently seen in a wide range of human cancers including breast and prostate tumors [10]. However, leukemia-associated epigenetic aberrations are not fully understood [7]. Herein, we will overview the current knowledge of epig

• Compounds that induce exocytosis in cultured cells include C

  2022-04-19

  

  Compounds that induce exocytosis in cultured mi2 include Ca2+-dependent [14] or Ca2+-independent [15] mechanisms. Ca2+-dependent exocytosis releases soluble enzyme content from lysosomes [16] operating by increasing the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+[13] by recruiting extracellular Ca2+[14], libera

• Several studies have also shown that HK may be

  2022-04-19

  

  Several studies have also shown that HK2 may be an important downstream Ion Channel Compound Library of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and may contribute to the development of cancer [15]. In our previous study, we found AKT2 expression was positively correlated with HK2 expression in primary c

• br Regulation of HO expression under conditions of ischemic

  2022-04-19

  

  Regulation of HO-1 expression under conditions of ischemic cardiac damage Heart is a vital organ with high metabolic demand, rich in mitochondria and it is very vulnerable to oxidative damage [85]. Disruption in coronary blood flow following MI leads to hypoxia (a reduction in the amount of avail

• The current research also analyzed the

  2022-04-19

  

  The current research also analyzed the association of this polymorphism with HCV genotype 1-related hepatic steatosis by gender. Even though the allele and genotypes of this polymorphism an increased the risk of HCV-related hepatic steatosis, neither allele nor genotype frequency of this polymorphis

• 1670 It was speculated that could affect the protein transla

  2022-04-19

  

  It was speculated that could affect the protein translation or processing in the HCV replication cycle. The viral protein processing was thus investigated, to establish whether the HCV inhibition was determining an increased amount of unprocessed polyprotein, due to a block in the processing, or a

• Adenosine triphosphate ATP is thought to

  2022-04-18

  

  Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is thought to be a crucial molecule in acute pain signaling in the DRG, as well as in the development and maintenance of chronic pain (Burnstock, 2009, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014, Chizh and Illes, 2001). Extracellular ATP activates the ionotropic P2X receptors (Bur

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by Slovak

  2022-04-18

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by Slovak Academy of Sciences grants VEGA 2/0052/10 and 2/0045/10. Both clinical observations and preclinical studies suggest that hypofunction of -methyl--aspartate (NMDA) receptor is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Thus, therapeuti

• Introduction The hypoglossal nucleus is the nucleus of the t

  2022-04-18

  

  Introduction The hypoglossal nucleus is the nucleus of the twelfth cranial nerve and is located on both sides of the mid line in the dorsal medulla oblongata and is situated between the proximal end of the medullary central canal and the beginning of the fourth ventricle (Tomasch and Etemadi, 1962)

• Ion dependence of mGluRs activity has been previously report

  2022-04-18

  

  Ion dependence of mGluRs activity has been previously reported, notably to Ca2+ and Cl− (Kuang and Hampson, 2006). While mGlu1 and mGlu3 receptors were demonstrated to be sensitive to Ca2+, Cl− modulation was reported for all mGluRs, with a lesser extent for the mGlu2 receptor (DiRaddo et al., 2014;

• However no reviews was focused

  2022-04-18

  

  However, no reviews was focused on all the glutamate heteroreceptor complexes and how to understand why some were formed and not others in the glutamate synapses and their extrasynaptic regions. These receptor complexes are present on the glutamate nerve terminals and the dendritic spines on which t

• br Conclusion Until recently astrocytes

  2022-04-18

  

  Conclusion Until recently, astrocytes were recognized solely for their maintenance role in the regulation of Rhapontigenin sale homeostasis. Nowadays, this idea has changed, it is clear that these cells play a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal activity and signal transmission. In partic

• br The concept of the axo myelin

  2022-04-18

  

  The concept of the axo-myelin ‘synapse’ Axons can release glutamate in a Ca+-dependent and independent manner (reviewed in [13,69]). Glutamate released from axons activates GluRs located in myelin, a feature that gave rise to the idea of the axo-myelin ‘synapse’ by analogy with classical synaptic

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