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This study does have several limitations mainly
2024-06-07

This study does have several limitations, mainly related to the DMSO vehicle. While DMSO is a known anti-inflammatory mediator,5, 12 it has been shown to upregulate ALOX5, which was not seen in this study (as we are likely underpowered to detect this difference). A manifestation of this anti-inflamm
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Defining the multiple roles of autophagy in stroke has been
2024-06-07

Defining the multiple roles of autophagy in stroke has been a rapidly evolving and exciting venue for translational research, with innovative products being applied from bench to bedside. Spanning pharmacological pathway manipulation and functional experimental validation, altered autophagy activat
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br Autophagy and cell death pathways in
2024-06-07

Autophagy and cell death pathways in ischemic stroke Although very important for the effects on post-ischemic Bufalin australia injury, autophagy is not the only mechanism of action involved in cell death. Necrosis and apoptosis are two other distinct forms of cell death with great difference in
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V ATPase is a complex enzyme
2024-06-07

V-ATPase is a complex enzyme that is composed of several subunits, which are assembled into two domains: trans-membrane (V0) and cytosolic (V1) domains [3,5]. Epididymal epithelial SR 3576 mg of rats has been reported to contain V-ATPase which is distributed at the apical pole of the narrow and cle
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The analysis of the profile of protein phosphorylation in
2024-06-07

The analysis of the profile of protein phosphorylation in MMS-treated Paeonol confirmed that both the ATM and ATR pathways were activated in S-phase blocked cells. Interestingly, phosphorylation of Chk1 was observed 24h after MMS-treatment both in AT- and ATM-inhibited cells, whilst in the absence
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Based on the extracellular domain structures we
2024-06-07

Based on the extracellular domain structures, we can infer that the dimer arrangement of GABAB receptor will undergo substantial changes upon receptor activation (Geng et al., 2013). First, agonist-stimulated closure of GABAB1 VFT would cause an upward rotation of its LB2 domain, coupled with an inw
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The neural circuitry involved in the
2024-06-07

The neural circuitry involved in the production of the EOD, its modulations, and in the sensory processing of communication signals has been well characterized (Bell and Maler, 2005; Chacron et al., 2011; Krahe and Maler, 2014; reviewed in Metzner, 1999). Pacemaker cells located in the pacemaker nuc
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The elevated levels of intracellular antioxidant such as red
2024-06-07

The elevated levels of intracellular antioxidant such as reduced glutathione (GSH) are normally oberserved is various tumor Fomepizole which confers the chemoresistant to chemotherapy [59]. Therefore, the induction of oxidative stress via elevation of intracellular ROS and dimunition of intracellul
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APJ receptors have a amino acid sequence with
2024-06-06

APJ receptors have a 380 amino L-Phenylephrine receptor sequence with a characteristic G-protein structure, including seven transmembrane domains and post-translation modification sites for phosphorylation, palmitoylation and glycosylation along with association sites for β-arrestin (O'Dowd et al.,
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Tumor tissues often experience hypoxia owing to accelerated
2024-06-06

Tumor tissues often experience hypoxia owing to accelerated growth rates of malignant cells, accumulation of metabolic products, disorganization of tumor blood vessels, and high interstitial fluid pressures (Makino et al., 2001). In response to AAD treatment, tumor vascular density often decreases t
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Interestingly ZIP expression was decreased in
2024-06-06

Interestingly, ZIP9 expression was decreased in dog testes after they were implanted with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) which the authors proposed was due to androgen ablation (Bulldan et al., 2016a). The expression of other members of the ZIP (SLC39A) family has also been shown to be regula
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myc inhibitor br Perspectives br Acknowledgments This
2024-06-06

Perspectives Acknowledgments This investigation was supported by a Research Grant 2010/01385-5 from FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Brazil). P.F.S. was recipient of a CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil) productivity grant. R.F.A. was recipient of
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br Aldehyde sensors to monitor substrate levels Previous eff
2024-06-06

Aldehyde sensors to monitor substrate levels Previous efforts to ameliorate metabolic diseases frequently relied on biochemical methods which could measure the levels of toxic substrates in kanamycin or bodily fluids (blood and serum or plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid). Therapeutic efforts to
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Since non lipoprotein derived free cholesterol is recycled
2024-06-06

Since non-lipoprotein-derived free cholesterol is recycled from the plasma membrane through the endosomal system through receptor-independent mechanisms, we wanted to determine whether ABCA2 could alter the trafficking of this source of free cholesterol. Our approach was to measure the effect of mob
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Celastrol Ketogenic diets are more effective in
2024-06-06

Ketogenic diets are more effective in promoting weight loss than conventional caloric restriction [26] however, their effect on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism remains inconclusive. Blood glucose homeostasis is tightly regulated. In both mice and humans consuming KD, baseline blood glucose decr
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